Protecting Ocean Regions With Robotics
1.1 INCREASING BURDEN OF CHRONIC ILLNESS AND EVER-AGING GLOBAL POPULATION
With the ever-aging global population and the growing burden of chronic illness, there is an increased reliance on the healthcare system (particularly the biopharmaceutical industry) in order or one to achieve and sustain a high quality of life. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the burden of human diseases have been rapidly increasing for decades with this trend predominantly contributed by population growth and environmental degradation.
1.2 DEFINITION OF MARINE BIOPROSPECTING
Marine bioprospecting is the search for novel compounds from natural sources in the marine environment. These activities have increased a great deal in the last few years likely in part due to the continued technological advances enabling further oceanic exploration, acknowledgement of the rich generic diversity in the marine biome, as well as the pressure from industry to produce given various blockbuster drugs going off patent. Today, about 18,000 natural products have been reported from marine organisms belonging to about 4,800 named species. The number of natural products from marine species is growing at a rate of 4% per year. The increase in the rate of discoveries is largely the result of technological advances in exploring the ocean and the genetic diversity it contains. Advances in technologies for observing and sampling the deep ocean, such as submersibles and remotely operated vehicles (ROVs), have opened up previously unexplored areas to scientific research. Since 1999, the number of patents of genetic material from marine species has increased at the rate of 12% per year. Marine species are about twice as likely to yield at least one gene in a patent than their terrestrial counterparts. Bioprospecting typically requires the collection of a very limited amount of biomass for the initial discovery. Although further collections may be required after a promising discovery has been made, bioprospecting generally does not involve threats to biodiversity comparable to the large biomass removals involved in harvesting resources for food or mineral exploitation.
1.3 THE SUCCESS OF NATURAL COMPOUNDS IN DRUG DISCOVERY AND BIOPHARMACEUTICAL BACK DROP
Biopharmaceuticals are one of the most impressive achievements of modern science. Many biopharmaceuticals offer high efficacy and few side effects. And there is much more to come: radically new concepts are making it to the market, and the advances keep coming at a rapid pace. The success of natural compounds in drug discovery is unparalleled: for antimicrobial and anticancer therapies, for example, more than 70% of new chemical entities introduced during the period 1981-2002 originated from natural products. It has been estimated by the US National Cancer Institute (NCI) that 1% of samples from marine animals tested in the laboratory reveal anti-tumor potential (which compares favorably with just 0.01% of samples of terrestrial origin). In the last few decades, advances in informatics, automation and imaging technology have made it possible to screen 100,000s – 1,000,000s of small molecules against a specific biological target or cellular assay per day, compared with 10s-100s of compounds tested on animals over many months previously. Growing awareness of the limitations of historically valuable approaches, and breakthroughs in robotics technologies, such as those used in separation and structure determination, have made screening mixtures of structurally complex natural product molecules easier, and have expanded the potential role of natural chemical diversity in the drug discovery process
2 THE OPPORTUNITY
2.1 AUSTRALIA CONTEXT
Australia is one of only 17 mega-diverse countries in the world and is renowned for the uniqueness of its biota. Australia has several features proving attractive to investors and researchers in the natural products area. This includes, not least, access to a diverse and unique biota. More generally, the features of Australia conducive to research and commercial activity include its robust system of law and stable democratic system of government, its stable and resilient economy, transparent and efficient regulatory environment, comprehensive intellectual property protections and high scientific and technological capacity. Australia has remained relatively isolated over time compared to most countries. Consequently, Australia has a high proportion of endemic species – that is, species not occurring naturally elsewhere. For example, in the case of mammals, approximately 83% are endemic to Australia. Australia’s unique marine environment contains the world’s largest areas and highest diversity of tropical and temperate seagrass species and of mangrove species; some of the largest areas of coral reefs; exceptional levels of biodiversity for a wide range of marine invertebrates; and it is estimated that around 80% of the southern marine species occur nowhere else in the world. With only 0.3% of the world’s population, Australia contributes 2.5% of the world’s medical research and 2.9% of global scientific publications (Invest Australia, 2007, p.6). In 2005, Australia ranked eighth in the OECD in terms of the proportion of researchers in the total labor force. This is above the OECD average. On a per capita basis, Australia has a research output twice the OECD average. In terms of biotechnology research, Australia has several dedicated biotechnology research institutes. Australia’s biotechnology industry is steadily growing, with activity across biotechnology fields including biomedicine, agricultural biotechnology, industrial biotechnology and environmental biotechnology. The Australian Government is a staunch advocate of the domestic pharmaceutical industry and has been very supportive in implementing initiatives to grow this sector. By any measure, Australian Government support for research and development in the biopharmaceutical industry has been and looks to continue to be strong.
2.2 MARINE BIOME REMAINS UNTAPPED/UNDER-INVESTIGATED-THUS PROSPECTS FOR NEW AND MEANINGFUL FINDINGS ARE SIGNIFICANT
Today, biopharmaceuticals generate global revenues of $163 billion, making up about 20 percent of the pharma market. It’s by far the fastest-growing part of the industry: biopharma’s current annual growth rate of more than 8 percent is double that of conventional pharma, and growth is expected to continue at that rate for the foreseeable future. Marine bioprospecting has the potential to further drive these trends. The marine biome remains untapped and under investigated, and thus, perfectly poised to drive both topline and bottom line for multiple stakeholders in the biopharma value chain. Investing in biotech R&D has yielded better returns than the pharma-industry average. The current biologics-development pipeline supports an outlook of continued healthy growth. The number of biotech patents applied for every year has been growing at 25 percent annually since 1995. There are currently more than 1,500 biomolecules undergoing clinical trials, and the success rate for biologics has so far been over twice that of small-molecule products, with 13 percent of biopharma products that enter the Phase I trial stage going on to launch. To date, sampling of marine products has primarily occurred in easy-to-reach coastal waters. As a result, 97% of natural products of marine origin are from eukaryotic sources (organisms with complex cells), with sponges alone accounting for 38% of the products. However, the majority of the Earth’s metabolic diversity resides in prokaryotic organisms (single-celled organisms such as bacteria) and over 99% of the microbial community of the ocean remains to be explored, so it stands to reason that many more genetic sequences valuable for products are yet to be discovered. There is a particular interest in marine species that live in extreme environments, such as hydrothermal vents and seamounts (‘extremophiles’). By the end of 2007, only 10 compounds had been reported from Deep Ocean and ocean trench environments, with a further seven identified in 2010. Fewer than 10 marine natural products have so far been reported from hot vent bacteria. Furthermore, if we break down the various ecosystems of our seas and oceans and compare the chemical dynamics, coral reefs have particularly impressive potential. The corals that we see are actually made up of colonies that build up and thrive in an environment where nutrients are low. Although coral reefs only occupy 0.1% of the world’s ocean surface, they are one of the most diverse ecosystems on earth, hosting ~25% of all marine species. The focus on the coral reef ecosystem as a target place for medicinal purposes is not a new concept. As early as the 14th century, coral reefs were a known source for medicines. One practice at that time is the use of fish gall bladder to treat venomous stings from marine organisms. Today, coral reefs have already contributed its name in the pharmaceutical industry as one of the source of biochemical compounds for new drugs and the possibilities are endless. The opportunity moving forward is substantial.
2.3 SPECIFIC EXAMPLES OF SUCCESSFUL MARINE BIOPROSPECTING
2.3.1 Aplidin
One of the early biochemical compounds derived from the sea is Didemnin, a compound isolated for the treatment of certain cancers. This compound was obtained from the tunicate Trididemnum solidum. Unfortunately, Didemin did not survive in later stages of its clinical trials. However, after a series of further exploration, a relative of the former species was discovered to poses similar traits. The tunicate Aplidium albicans possesses the compound Aplidin® which has a similar structure with Didemnin but far less toxic. Aplidin is an anti-tumor, anti-viral and immunosuppressive drug that has been demonstrated to be effective in pancreatic, stomach, bladder and prostate cancers. After undergoing series of clinical test, Aplidin was granted the classification as an orphan drug that specifically treats multiple myeloma and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. In the United States alone, there are over 45,000 people with multiple myeloma and an estimated 15,000 new cases in the U.S. each year.
2.3.2 Yondelis
Yondelis® was developed by the PharmaMar Pharmaceutical Company and was released in the market in 2003. This compound is now sold by Zeltia and Johnson and Johnson. Yondelis contains the active substance Trabectedin. Trabectedin is derived from coral reefs. Specifically from the filter feeding sacs of the small and immobile plant-like invertebrate called sea squirts. Extracts of this reef associated species has been found to contain a treatment for soft-tissue sarcoma and ovarian neoplasm sarcoma. Yondelis was developed as a result of the National Cancer Institute Screening Program for marine plants and animals. Sea quirts were collected from reefs of West Indies and studied in the laboratory at the University of Illinois. The anti-cancer biosynthetic compound was then discovered to be embedded in the symbiotic microorganism within the sea squirts. Yondelis is produced in a semi-synthetic manner, after the extracts from the sea squirts undergo a patented chemical process. This process is less intrusive and less demanding to the natural marine biome. Moreover, even though the usage of Yondelis is only for rare medical conditions such as sarcoma, there is still potential for this product to add a lot of value to the lives of patients and other stakeholders. More and more adopting Yondelis in their prescribing workflow for sarcomas and there are an increasing number of patients who are sensitive to medicines containing platinum and Yondelis is one of the only alternative anti-cancer medicines.
2.3.3 Pro Osteon
There are many indications for a bone graft implant (e.g. fusion of the spine, joints in arms and legs, fractures or gaps in bones caused by trauma or infection, oral surgery). In a typical bone grafting procedure, a synthetic material is shaped by the surgeon to fit the affected area of the bone while pins or screws are used to hold it in place. This material builds a support structure where bone cells can interlace, regenerate and heal. Pro Osteon Implant 500 has a porous microstructure where new tissues and blood cells can grow, thereby stimulating growth and connects fractured bone segments. Generically called “Bone Void Filler” and approved by the FDA in 1992, Pro Osteon Implant 500 is clinically proven to be safe, strong and cost effective. This material is sterile, thereby minimizing adverse reactions from the patient’s immune system rejecting the implant. The effectiveness of Pro Osteon Implant 500 lies in its source. It uses corals from the sea that has the same porous interconnected structure of a typical bone graft thereby mimicking the internal structure of a human bone. After undergoing a patented chemical process, it converts the coral into hydroxyapatite which is a mineral and the chief structural element of a human bone. At this stage, the implant material is now also osteoconductive which facilitates bone cells to weave into the porous structure. After the procedure and the healing process starts, the Pro Osteon Implant will eventually be covered and replaced by bones creating the mended part as strong as it was before. Pro Osteon has great demonstrated efficacy and a safe side-effect profile. The company manufacturing this product is projecting at least $3 billion in sales by 2017. What’s more, the production of Pro Osteon is not completely dependent on farming and extracting corals from their natural habitat. Special techniques have been developed, which require only a small portion of coral to be extracted, while the balance is grown artificially in the lab-thus promoting sustainability and stability of the marine biome.
3 THE CHALLENGES
3.1 HOW TO CONSERVE AND SUSTAINABLY USE MARINE BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY
Despite the fact that marine bioprospecting is relatively unimposing and the practice does not impose the sustainability risk of various terrestrial techniques, conservationists and the public still have some concerns. For one, very little is known about the conservation status of many species used as sources of marine genetic resources. Further, many species occur in vulnerable and fragile ecosystems. Many are also concerned with what we don’t know in this relatively nascent sub-industry at this point. For instance, the effect on ecosystems of removal of marine genetic resources is poorly understood.
3.2 FEW NATIONS CAN SUCCESSFULLY DO BIOPROSPECTING ON THEIR OWN
Investment in marine biotechnology is not without risk. Sampling at sea costs a minimum of US$ 30,000 per day or US$ 1 million for a month. It typically takes 15 years overall, and an investment of up to US$ 1billion, to go from research to commercial product, due to the fact that many products fail to deliver on early promises. As a result the field is dominated by relatively few nations. Patent claims associated with marine genetic resources (MGR) originate from only 31 countries. Ninety per cent of these patents originate from 10 countries (USA, Germany, Japan, France, UK, Denmark, Belgium, Netherlands, Switzerland and Norway), with 70% originating from the US, Germany and Japan. Despite the high levels of investment required in R&D, biotechnology is a lucrative and important industry.
3.3 THE CURRENT UNCERTAIN AND UNPREDICTABLE LEGAL AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK DISCOURAGES INDUSTRY (I.E. BIOPHARM COMPANIES) FROM INVESTING THEIR EFFORTS INTO BIOPROSPECTING
The potential of marine bioprospecting has become the subject of international policy debate (particularly for areas beyond national jurisdiction). One central question is whether the potential benefits from marine bioprospecting ought to be shared by the entire international community or only by the States or individual corporations with the capacity to exploit them. Various groups are looking at this in order to configure the most sensible set of policies to balance the need to promote innovation and technological/biopharmaceutical advances, with the need to make sure all stakeholders in the value chain are appropriately compensated, along with the need to ensure the longevity of these natural marine habitats. Increasingly, individual nation-states are establishing policies that dictate the way in which protected marine habitats in their jurisdiction may be used for bioprospecting and other scientific and commercial pursuits.
3.4 COSTS OF BIOPHARM/BIOTECH DISCOVERY
There are operational and technological challenges to bioprospecting and biopharmaceutical discovery in general. Reproducing large molecules reliably at an industrial scale requires manufacturing capabilities of a previously unknown sophistication. Consider this: a molecule of aspirin consists of 21 atoms. A biopharmaceutical molecule might contain anything from 2,000 to 25,000 atoms (Exhibit 1). The “machines” that produce recombinant therapeutics are genetically modified living cells that must be frozen for storage, thawed without damage, and made to thrive in the unusual environment of a reaction vessel. The necessary sophistication comes at great cost. Large-scale biotech-manufacturing facilities require $200 million to $500 million or more to build, compared with similar-scale small-molecule facilities that may cost just $30 million to $100 million, and they can take four to five years to build. As the number of products rises and new process technologies such as continuous manufacturing are introduced, the complexity of biopharma operations and the biopharma supply chain will increase.
4 THE SOLUTION
4.1 HUMAN/ROBOTICS INTERVENTION
First, activities at sea in support of biotechnology need to be distinguished from processes in the laboratory. Commercial expeditions purely to collect marine genetic resources are rare to non-existent. Typically, sampling is conducted on scientific research cruises, or by using downtime on ROVs used in the offshore oil industry. Ocean-going research vessels are typically owned by national research bodies (e.g. China, UK, US, Brazil, Germany, Japan, France, Russia) or commercial operations, particularly in the offshore oil and gas sector. With the advances in ROVs, less and less direct human disruption of the marine biome is necessary. Leveraging ROV technology allows for minimally invasive tactics that still allows for effective research/discovery/development opportunities while maintaining the balance in the most fragile of habitats. Investing and employing ROV technology is also safer for all parties involved. As the scientific community continues to research more dangerous and less-explored marine habitats, the risk for health and human safety increase. ROVs dramatically reduces this risk while permitting research and commercial societies to explore true frontier regions. For example, Liquid Robotics is a venture-backed firm specializing in this area with their marquee product, the Wave Glider. The Wave Glider is an autonomous, environmentally powered ocean-going platform for gathering and remotely transmitting information about the ocean. Wave Gliders collect data on temperature, winds, humidity, wind gusts, water temperature, water color, and water composition. They can also take pictures. These robots are gathering a lot of observational data about climate change, ocean acidification, fisheries management, hurricane and tsunami warnings, and exploration – but in a green way. This type of technology applied specifically to marine bioprospecting to further drive innovation and efficiency in this space.
4.2 HEALTHY PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS, CASE-IN-POINT: GRIFFITH/ASTAZENECA PARTNERSHIP
The Griffith University (an Australian University based in the State of Queensland)/AstraZeneca Partnership represents a multi-year, 100 AUD investment by AstraZeneca, has involved the screening of extracts of flora and fauna by Griffith University’s Eskitis Institute to identify bioactive molecules as potential leads for pharmaceutical discovery and development of novel pharmaceuticals. More than 45,000 samples of regional biota, both marine and terrestrial, have been collected since the start of the partnership. Collections have derived from several jurisdictions within Australia. This partnership should also serve as a grounded example to help inform future initiatives aimed at balancing the various needs to ensure effective and safe marine bioprospecting. This partnership demonstrated that bioprospecting partnerships can yield consistent benefits for provider countries and for biodiversity conservation over time. The collaborative agreement and consequent investment in Queensland has resulted in significant technology transfer. As part of the partnership, AstraZeneca provides funding to Griffith University to participate in their bio discovery and commercialization efforts. Griffith University in turn partners with domestic and overseas collecting institutions to undertake biota collections, make extracts of samples, and then run these samples through high throughput screens (HTS) against targets provided by and of therapeutics interest to AZ. Active compounds are then identified and isolated at Griffith University via bioassay guided fractionation, and structures are elucidated using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Benefits accrued to the range of collaborators in the partnership – Astra Zeneca, Griffith University, the Queensland Herbarium, the Queensland Museum, and companies and institutions in China, India, Papua New Guinea, and Tasmania. At the same time, broader benefits were achieved or may still emerge for the State of Queensland, the Australian research community, the Australian public, and the international community. Realized benefits to Australia include monetary remuneration like fees for samples (or to cover the costs of an agreed-upon work plan) and royalties. Non-monetary benefits to Australia included the provision of vehicles, equipment, technology, training, building of a state-of-the-art natural product discovery unit, and increased knowledge of biodiversity. Benefits to AZ include the access to a huge pipeline of potential blockbuster drugs that may yet serve to benefit thousands (if not millions) of patients. Furthermore, new information and data gleaned from the partnerships have gone towards informing more policy around conservation and environmental planning and management throughout the region. Many best practices for similar future partnerships can be established from the AZ/Griffith Partnership.
End Note:
Science has an opportunity now unlike any other time in history to advance mankind utilizing robotics for the betterment of us all.
Chicago Girls Rink Roller Skate - White Youth Quad Skates
(1986)
Impala Rollerskates Girl's Impala Quad Skate (Big Kid/Adult)
(1272)
Udaily 4 Pairs or 2 Pairs No Tie Shoelaces for Kids and Adults, Elastic Shoe Laces for Sneaker
(3320)
NOCO GENIUS5, 5-Amp Fully-Automatic Smart Charger, 6V And 12V Battery Charger, Battery Maintainer, Trickle Charger, And Battery Desulfator With Temperature Compensation
(3937)
RIDE SWFT Flash Hoverboard Self Balancing Scooter, Top Speed of 7mph, 3 Mile Distance, Bluetooth Speakers, Front, Rear, tire, and Fender-Placed LED Lights, 4 Unique Colors
(49)
6KU Scooter for Adults/Teens, 200mm Big Wheels Kick Scooter Easy Folding Lightweight Height Adjustable Dual Suspension Shoulder Strap Rear Fender Brake,220lbs Weight Capacity
(64)
SISIGAD Hoverboard, UL2272 Certified, with Bluetooth and Colorful Lights Self Balancing Scooter
(46)
JIFAR Adjustable Helmet for Youth Kids Toddler Boys Girls,Protective Gear with Elbow Knee Wrist Pads for Multi-Sports Skateboarding Bike Riding Hiking Scooter Inline skatings Longboard Roller Skate
(1915)
JBM Adult/Child Knee Pads Elbow Pads Wrist Guards 3 in 1 Protective Gear Set for Multi Sports Skateboarding Inline Roller Skating Cycling Biking BMX Bicycle Scooter
(7718)
EverCross Electric Scooter, Electric Scooter for Adults with 350W Motor, Up to 20MPH & 22 Miles, Electric Scooter for Teens with Dual Braking Safety System, Folding Electric Scooter with 8'' Tires
(1)Amazon Auto Links: Nessun prodotto trovato.
Now I am ready to do my breakfast, afterward having my breakfast coming
again to read additional news.
Just desire to say your article is as astonishing. The clarity in your
post is just cool and i could assume you’re an expert on this
subject. Well with your permission let me to grab your feed to keep up
to date with forthcoming post. Thanks a million and please continue the gratifying work.
Pingback: My Homepage
539166 171311Some truly good and valuable information on this web site, likewise I conceive the style holds superb capabilities. 793014
I was able to find good advice from your content.
I visited many websites except the audio quality for audio songs present at this website is truly marvelous.
where can i buy cbd oil in nj
where can i buy cbd oil in nj
I know this if off topic but I’m looking into starting
my own blog and was curious what all is required to get set up?
I’m assuming having a blog like yours would cost
a pretty penny? I’m not very web smart so I’m not 100% positive.
Any suggestions or advice would be greatly appreciated.
Appreciate it
I do not even know the way I ended up right here,
however I assumed this publish was great. I don’t recognise who you might be but definitely you’re going to a famous blogger if you happen to are not already.
Cheers!
Hey, I think your website might be having browser compatibility issues.
When I look at your website in Ie, it looks fine but when opening in Internet Explorer, it has some overlapping.
I just wanted to give you a quick heads up! Other then that,
wonderful blog!
I’m not that much of a internet reader to be honest but
your blogs really nice, keep it up! I’ll go ahead and bookmark your site
to come back later on. All the best
walmart cbd oil
walmart cbd oil
You really make it appear really easy along with your presentation however
I to find this topic to be really something that I believe
I’d never understand. It sort of feels too complex and extremely large for me.
I am taking a look forward in your subsequent submit, I will try to get the grasp of it!
If your articles are more up to date then the latest articles published by
TikTok, then they are less likely to be rejected by Google.
The reason for this is because Google views this as
being less relevant.
buy tiktok likes
buy tiktok likes
Woh I like your articles, saved to favorites!.
I think this is one of the most significant information for me.
And i’m glad reading your article. But should remark on few general things, The website style is wonderful, the articles is really
nice : D. Good job, cheers
Muchos Gracias for your blog article. Really looking forward to read more. Awesome.
It’s wonderful that you are getting thoughts from this piece of writing as well as from our dialogue made at this
place.
Admiring the time and effort you put into your site and detailed information you offer.
It’s nice to come across a blog every once in a while that isn’t the same old rehashed information. Fantastic read!
I’ve bookmarked your site and I’m adding your RSS feeds to my Google account.
Hi there to every one, as I am in fact keen of reading this weblog’s post to be updated daily.
It carries fastidious material.
Excellent post. I was checking continuously this blog and I’m impressed!
Extremely useful info specially the last part :
) I care for such info a lot. I was seeking this particular information for a very long time.
Thank you and good luck.
Very good blog article. Really thank you! Awesome.
It’s a pity you don’t have a donate button! I’d definitely donate to this fantastic blog!
I suppose for now i’ll settle for book-marking and adding your RSS feed to my Google account.
I look forward to new updates and will talk about this blog
with my Facebook group. Talk soon!
Big Comparison Is Here: Fake Rolex VS Real
The most popular watch models of luxury watch brands are sold at very high prices.
As such, many people are turning to affordable watch alternatives of luxury watch brands.
At this point, a confusion arises. Replica and fake watch confusion … In this article,
we will touch on fake Rolex VS real and discuss the curious details.
You can learn the difference between these two types of watches by reading our article.
Valuable information. Fortunate me I found your website by
accident, and I am shocked why this twist of fate did not happened in advance!
I bookmarked it.
Hey there, I think your website might be having browser compatibility issues.
When I look at your blog in Firefox, it looks fine but when opening in Internet
Explorer, it has some overlapping. I just wanted to give you
a quick heads up! Other then that, superb blog!
I visited multiple blogs however the audio
quality for audio songs current at this web page is actually marvelous.
Hurrah, that’s what I was exploring for, what a stuff! present
here at this webpage, thanks admin of this site.
Wonderful blog! I found it while surfing around on Yahoo News.
Do you have any suggestions on how to get listed in Yahoo News?
I’ve been trying for a while but I never seem to get there!
Appreciate it
Why You Should Stay Away From Audemars Piguet Fake Models?
There are a variety of products on the market as an alternative
to products that have high prices and are difficult to buy.
Although some of these are replicas of the original
product, there are also fake products. In this article,
we will examine why you should stay away from fake products
and Audemars Piguet fake watch models. By reading our article, you can learn about these areas and learn how to
distinguish fake products.
Why You Should Stay Away From Audemars Piguet Fake Models?
There are a variety of products on the market as an alternative to products that have high prices and are difficult to buy.
Although some of these are replicas of the original product, there are
also fake products. In this article, we will examine why you should stay away from fake products and Audemars Piguet fake watch models.
By reading our article, you can learn about these areas and
learn how to distinguish fake products.
Why You Should Stay Away From Audemars Piguet Fake Models?
There are a variety of products on the market as an alternative to products that
have high prices and are difficult to buy. Although some
of these are replicas of the original product, there are also fake products.
In this article, we will examine why you should stay away from fake products and Audemars Piguet fake watch models.
By reading our article, you can learn about these
areas and learn how to distinguish fake products.
What a stuff of un-ambiguity and preserveness of valuable know-how about unexpected emotions.
Big Comparison Is Here: Fake Rolex VS Real
The most popular watch models of luxury watch brands are sold
at very high prices. As such, many people
are turning to affordable watch alternatives of luxury watch brands.
At this point, a confusion arises. Replica and fake watch confusion … In this
article, we will touch on fake Rolex VS real and discuss
the curious details. You can learn the difference between these two types of watches by reading
our article. jf factory
Do you mind if I quote a few of your articles as long as I provide credit and sources back
to your site? My blog is in the exact same area of interest as yours and my visitors would certainly benefit from a lot of
the information you provide here. Please let me know if
this ok with you. Regards!
Hiya! Quick question that’s completely off topic.
Do you know how to make your site mobile friendly?
My web site looks weird when viewing from my iphone. I’m trying to find a template or plugin that might
be able to fix this issue. If you have any recommendations,
please share. Many thanks!
GÜÇLÜ NEODYUM MIKNATISLAR Mıknatıslara gün içerisindeki yapmış olduğumuz birçok alanda ihtiyaç duymaktayız.
Mıknatıslar hayatımıza bir sürü artılar katmaktadır.
Şahsımıza ait hobi amaçlı yaptığımız ürünlerde,
sağlık problemlerimizde kullanmış olduğumuz aletlerimizde ve bunun gibi birçok alanda mıknatıslara ihtiyaç duymaktayız.
Neodyum mıknatıslar diğer mıknatıslara oranla bu ihtiyaçlarımızın her birini diğer ürünlere göre bizlere
hem estetik açıdan hem yüksek çekim gücü açısından kullanmış olduğumuz alanlarda bizlerin daha fazla verim almamızı sağlamaktadır.
Thank you for every other excellent article. The place else may just anybody get that type of info in such an ideal approach of writing?
I have a presentation subsequent week, and I am at the look
for such info.
Hello there! This post could not be written any better!
Reading this post reminds me of my old room mate! He always kept talking about this.
I will forward this article to him. Pretty sure he will
have a good read. Thanks for sharing!
I am regular reader, how are you everybody?
This article posted at this site is actually fastidious.
Big Comparison Is Here: Fake Rolex VS Real
The most popular watch models of luxury watch brands
are sold at very high prices. As such, many people are turning to affordable watch alternatives of luxury watch brands.
At this point, a confusion arises. Replica and fake watch confusion … In this article, we will touch on fake Rolex VS real and discuss the curious details.
You can learn the difference between these two types of watches by
reading our article. jf factory
Why You Should Stay Away From Audemars Piguet Fake Models?
There are a variety of products on the market as an alternative to products
that have high prices and are difficult to buy.
Although some of these are replicas of the original product, there are also fake products.
In this article, we will examine why you should stay away from fake products and Audemars Piguet
fake watch models. By reading our article,
you can learn about these areas and learn how to distinguish fake products.
Cannabidiol, or CBD oil, is a brand-new compound that has actually revealed pledge for treating people
with chronic discomfort. It was originally found by mishap: in 1940,
a chemist uncovered that including a compound to a marijuana bud can create
a complete cessation of nerve signals in the brain, hence permitting a patient suffering from serious discomfort to relieve his or her
suffering by quiting the nerve signals being boosted.
This exploration led to the research of CBD, which when used as a remove from the cannabis plant, has actually been located to properly relieve discomfort without any adverse
effects. Because of these appealing results,
researchers are currently researching CBD for its possible usage in dealing with
a range of disorders.
my site: cbd oil near me
Why You Should Stay Away From Audemars Piguet Fake
Models?
There are a variety of products on the market as an alternative to products that have high prices and are difficult to buy.
Although some of these are replicas of the original product, there are
also fake products. In this article, we will examine why you should stay away from fake products and Audemars Piguet
fake watch models. By reading our article, you can learn about these areas and learn how to distinguish fake products.
CBD tinctures are very concentrated herbal extracts.
They usually come in liquid extract form and are generally
administered at no more than three drops per day.
Commonly preferred over liquid nutritional vitamins and supplements, CBD tinctures give the
most instant results for individuals who are searching to improve their health and outward indications
of ailments. You can find three main methods
to administer CBD products:
Also visit my blog post: cbd oil tincture
Can you think that CBD items are legal? Properly in a word or two, yes.
On a deeper degree, can you imagine what all the
effects of cannabis use could be? The list continues on from impaired traveling to schizophrenia to CBD make use of among children.
So if you want to know about CBD along with other medicinal
properties of cannabis, and much more; go to our site below.
Here is my blog … best cbd products
I love it whenever people come together and share views.
Great site, stick with it!
Why You Should Stay Away From Audemars Piguet Fake Models?
There are a variety of products on the market as an alternative to products that have high
prices and are difficult to buy. Although some of these are replicas of
the original product, there are also fake products.
In this article, we will examine why you should stay away from fake products and Audemars Piguet fake
watch models. By reading our article, you can learn about these areas and learn how to distinguish fake products.
Why You Should Stay Away From Audemars Piguet Fake Models?
There are a variety of products on the market as an alternative
to products that have high prices and are difficult to
buy. Although some of these are replicas of the original product, there are also fake products.
In this article, we will examine why you should stay away from fake products and Audemars Piguet fake watch models.
By reading our article, you can learn about these areas and learn how to distinguish fake products.
Hey there! I realize this is sort of off-topic however I had to ask.
Does operating a well-established blog like yours require a lot of work?
I am completely new to writing a blog however I do write in my journal daily.
I’d like to start a blog so I can easily share my
experience and views online. Please let me know if you have any
ideas or tips for new aspiring blog owners. Appreciate it!
Hmm it looks like your blog ate my first comment (it was super long) so I guess I’ll just
sum it up what I wrote and say, I’m thoroughly enjoying your blog.
I as well am an aspiring blog writer but I’m still new to the whole thing.
Do you have any points for beginner blog writers?
I’d really appreciate it.
Big Comparison Is Here: Fake Rolex VS Real
The most popular watch models of luxury watch brands
are sold at very high prices. As such, many people are turning to affordable watch alternatives of luxury watch brands.
At this point, a confusion arises. Replica and fake watch
confusion … In this article, we will touch on fake Rolex VS real and
discuss the curious details. You can learn the difference between these
two types of watches by reading our article.
jf factory
Why You Should Stay Away From Audemars Piguet Fake Models?
There are a variety of products on the market as an alternative to products that have high prices
and are difficult to buy. Although some of these are replicas of the original
product, there are also fake products. In this article, we
will examine why you should stay away from fake products and Audemars Piguet fake watch models.
By reading our article, you can learn about these areas and
learn how to distinguish fake products.
Big Comparison Is Here: Fake Rolex VS Real
The most popular watch models of luxury watch brands are sold at very high prices.
As such, many people are turning to affordable watch alternatives of luxury
watch brands. At this point, a confusion arises. Replica and fake watch confusion … In this article, we will touch on fake Rolex VS real and discuss the curious details.
You can learn the difference between these two types of watches
by reading our article. jf factory
It can’t get any type of easier than this: CBD oil is the way to go
when it concerns easing signs that result from conditions such as Cancer, MS, Joint inflammation, migraine headache frustrations
as well as a lot more. This incredible oil has actually been confirmed
to successfully damage infections and germs in the human body while aiding
in the fixing and regeneration of the human cell.
Currently I don’t find out about you yet I sure don’t want my physician providing me something to
eliminate! This is why you require to capitalize on discovering an excellent resource of information on CBD
oil and also just how you can begin utilizing it to
heal on your own.
My web-site best CBD oil UK
Thanks for the good writeup. It if truth be told was a
entertainment account it. Glance advanced to more introduced agreeable from you!
However, how can we communicate?
Cannabidiol, better referred to as CBD oil, is just one of
one of the most promising brand-new natural herbs for joint inflammation. What is it as well as what does it do?
Just how can we use it safely and properly? As more info concerning cannabidiol emerges,
we will certainly find out more about it and also how it might help alleviate a few of the symptoms connected with joint inflammation. If you, or a
person you understand, are struggling with joint inflammation, do not
wait – this short article might be able to help you discover
the relief you need!
my website … CBD oils UK
Cannabidiol or CBD is one of the most essential materials in cannabis,
and it is accountable for the restorative residential properties located in the marijuana plant.
Cannabidiol is likewise referred to as CBD, or cannabidiol.
Cannabidiol has actually been extensively recognized
for several years, and also has been the topic of numerous clinical studies.
Since CBD is an extremely crucial and beneficial compound for clinical usage,
it is not typically accessible in entertainment marijuana.
Brand-new techniques are being established to generate CBD for usage in products presently
under growth.
My web blog :: best CBD oils
CBD or Cannabidiol is a compound drawn out from the cannabis plant, which
has some impressive medical homes. Scientific researches have revealed that CBD
is an effective anti-inflammatory, with the prospective to reduce the threat of heart diseases,
epilepsy and also even joint inflammation. This incredible compound has
caused much discussion concerning its prospective use as
a reliable therapy for depression and also stress and anxiety, specifically in kids.
CBD is thought to have remarkable anti-psychotic and also sedative impacts,
yet there are some controversial cases. Many think that CBD might be useful for some
people, yet its not ideal for everyone; it ought to just be made use of under the suggestions of a health and
wellness specialist.
my web-site CBD oils UK
Why You Should Stay Away From Audemars Piguet Fake Models?
There are a variety of products on the market as an alternative to products that have high prices and are difficult to buy.
Although some of these are replicas of the original product, there are also fake products.
In this article, we will examine why you should stay away from fake products and Audemars Piguet fake watch models.
By reading our article, you can learn about these areas and learn how to distinguish fake products.
The advantages of CBD oil have actually been discussed at length in numerous health publications over the previous couple of years.
Lots of doctor have actually reported positive outcomes, consisting of minimizing
or removing the typical adverse effects most commonly related
to pharmaceutical drugs: nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and also sleep
problems. By helping individuals handle their signs, CBD oil
can offer a brand-new and also motivating means to treat a
large range of ailments as well as conditions,
including pain, anxiousness, clinical depression, irritability, chronic fatigue, inflammation,
queasiness, seizures, and much more.
Here is my webpage – best CBD oil in UK
Cannabidiol or CBD oil is an incredible little plant that has actually been made use of in Africa for hundreds
of years. It is one of the most powerful marijuana yet has really little THC, which is the material that is discovered in cannabis.
This fantastic little plant has actually gotten a great
deal of appeal over the past number of years as well as is currently gaining even more places as individuals are beginning
to understand its recovery residential or commercial properties.
There are no well-known adverse effects from using this oil and also there are just
a couple of minor unfavorable points that may occur if you take it by mouth
like if you have hypertension or abscess. If you wish
to take CBD oil, you ought to be aware that it is thought
about an Arrange II medication, which indicates
that you require a prescription for it.
My blog: CBD oils UK
Cannabidiol, or CBD as it is more generally known, is one
of lots of possible all-natural treatments for different types of
medical ailments. Recognized as CBD, this compound is generated by the very same glands as THC, which is the primary component in cannabis.
It is not an envigorating medicine like THC, the lasting
impacts on the human body may consist of damaged judgment, coordination and
memory, according to the Canadian Discomfort Facility.
In addition to being utilized to deal with patients with particular conditions,
CBD is also being examined as a treatment for epilepsy,
clinical depression, chronic pain, nausea, chemotherapy, glaucoma as well as a
lot more.
Here is my webpage :: CBD oil UK
Cannabidiol, or CBD as it is additionally known, is
a crucial component in organic cannabis. Cannabidiol is called an extremely effective natural remedy for a selection of conditions consisting of cancer, seizures, nausea, AIDS,
stress and anxiety and glaucoma. It has been found to properly
eliminate the signs of nausea, radiation treatment and also menopause.
The substantial majority of medical cannabis individuals do
not understand concerning this obscure but extremely helpful natural herb, not to mention how to get
it. If you have been suggested utilizing cannabidiol, find out a few things about this remarkable material prior to you get it from the local drug store.
Here is my page :: CBD oils UK
Having read this I thought it was really enlightening.
I appreciate you taking the time and effort to put this short article together.
I once again find myself spending way too much time both reading and leaving comments.
But so what, it was still worth it!
I think that what you posted was actually very reasonable.
However, think on this, suppose you were to create a killer headline?
I ain’t saying your content is not solid, but suppose you added
a post title to possibly grab a person’s attention? I mean Protecting Ocean Regions With Robotics – Alternative Traction is a little boring.
You should glance at Yahoo’s home page and note how they create news headlines to get viewers to open the links.
You might add a related video or a picture
or two to grab people interested about everything’ve got to say.
In my opinion, it might make your posts a little bit more interesting.
Hey! This post could not be written any better! Reading through
this post reminds me of my good old room mate!
He always kept talking about this. I will forward this post to him.
Pretty sure he will have a good read. Thank
you for sharing!
Hello! I’m at work surfing around your blog from my new iphone 4!
Just wanted to say I love reading through your blog and look forward to all your posts!
Keep up the excellent work!
Greetings from Carolina! I’m bored to tears at work so I
decided to check out your site on my iphone during lunch break.
I enjoy the info you provide here and can’t wait to take a look when I get home.
I’m surprised at how fast your blog loaded on my mobile ..
I’m not even using WIFI, just 3G .. Anyhow, very good site!